úquétima “unspeakable, impossible to say or put into words, unpronounceable” únat “thing impossible to be or to be done” úmara “bad, ill-used, evil, sinister” ✧ VT49/15 Úlairi “Ring-wraiths, (lit.) ?Un-living, Un-summer” úcárima “hard to do, difficult” ✧ PE22/156 úcalima “dim, murky, dim, murky, *not bright” ✧ PE22/156 úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176) also appears as úfantuma (PE17:180), indicating the existence of a variant ending - uma (possibly used to derive adjectives with a "bad" meaning compare the ending *- unqua next to - inqua, q.v.) "X-ima" may mean "apt to X" (when the ending is added to an intransitive verbal stem), as in Fírimar "mortals", literally "those apt to die" (WJ:387). Note that the stem-vowel is normally lengthened in the derivatives where - ima means "-able", though this fails to occur in cenima "visible" (q.v., but contrast hraicénima, q.v.) and also before a consonant cluster as in úfantima "not concealable" (PE17:176). Sometimes it is used to derive simple adjectives, like vanima "fair" or calima "bright" it can also take on the meaning "-able" (PE17:68), as in mátima "edible" ( mat- "eat"), nótima "countable" ( not- "count") and (with a negative prefix) úquétima "unspeakable" (from quet- "speak"). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva. ) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë hé *"I love him but I do not him" (another person) (VT49:15). lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin. With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e.
In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed.
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